Strategic Tax Competition with a Mobile Population

Abstract

Este artículo analiza un modelo estratégico de competición de impuestos donde el capital y los (idénticos) consumidores pueden migrar entre jurisdicciones. Los resultados obtenidos son comparados con los resultados del modelo tradicional de competencia tributaria, donde la población es inmóvil. Además de los efectos fiscales y pecuniarios que aparecen en el modelo tradicional, el modelo con población móvil presenta un nuevo efecto que distorsiona la provisión de bienes públicos. Como en el caso del efecto pecuniario, este nuevo efecto depende de si la jurisdicción es exportadora neta o importadora neta de capital. De esta manera en el caso de jurisdicciones simétricas ambos efectos desaparecen resultando en subprovisión de bienes públicos. En el caso donde las jurisdicciones son asimétricas, ambos modelos tienen los mismos resultados cualitativos, reforzando el modelo con población móvil los resultados de la externalidad pecuniaria.

This paper analyzes a model of strategic tax competition with mobile capital and mobile identical consumers. The results of the model are compared to the traditional strategic tax competition model with immobile population. In addition to the fiscal and pecuniary externalities present in the standard model, a new effect shows up in the mo-bility model to affect provision of the public good. As with the pecuniary externality, this new effect depends on whether the jurisdictions are net exporters or net importers of capital. Thus, in a symmetric set up, the mobility effect along with the pecuniary externality disappears, yielding unambiguous underprovision of the public good. While in the asymmetric case both models have the same qualitative results, the mobility model strengthens the effects of the pecuniary externality. The above results are obtained by comparing the form of the first-order conditions between the mobility and immobility cases. The remaining question is whether or not the equilibrium levels of the public goods conform to the predicted tendencies. This question is answered with an example. The results of this exercise show that when the jurisdiction is a net exporter of capital, the level of the public good is lower in the mobility case than in the immobility case. However, if the jurisdiction is a net importer of capital, the public good level is sometimes higher and sometimes lower in the mobility case, contrary to predictions.